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Tobacco Cessation Counseling Tables |
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| Burden of Disease |
Mortality
442,000 Americans experience smoking attributable deaths annually. (264,000 men and 178,000 women) 1 |
Morbidity
8.6 million people in the U.S. have an estimated 12.7 million smoking-attributable conditions. 2 |
Prevalence of Smoking
22% of adults are current smokers. 3 |
| Effectiveness |
Effectiveness of one time tobacco use assessment and counseling without smoking cessation medications 2.4% 4
Effectiveness of one time tobacco use assessment and counseling with smoking cessation medications 5.0% 4
Effectiveness of repeated interventions including offers of cessation medication in inducing additional quits among ever smokers 23% 4 |
| Improvability |
Advice to Quit 5
68% of current adult smokers have received advice from a doctor in the past year to quit smoking.
Advice to Quit with Assistance 6
35% of smokers have received advice to quit and discussed assistance |
Guide to Community Preventive Services Recommendations7
Numerous interventions are effective at increasing cessation, reducing environmental tobacco smoke, and preventing tobacco product use initiation. |
| Cost8 |
Annual Per Person Medical Cost of Service: $39 |
| Annual Per Person Medical Cost of Savings: $196 |
| Annual Net Costs: $-157 |
| % of Service Cost Recovered in Long Run: 503% |
Sources and Footnotes:
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Annual Smoking Attributable Mortality, Years of Potential Life Lost, and Economic Costs: United States, 1995-1999. MMWR April 12, 2002 / 51(14);300-3. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5114a2.htm, last accessed January 19, 2006.
2. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Smoking Attributable Morbidity—United States, 2000. MMWR, September 5, 2003 / 52(35);842-844. http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5235a4.htm, last accessed January 19, 2006.
3. Cigarette smoking among adults--United States, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2005 May 27;54(20):509-13.
4. Refer to the technical report on tobacco cessation for a fuller discussion of these data and references.
5. National Health Interview Survey, 2001. Data provided by Ann Malarcher, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health, October 20, 2005
6. National Committee for Quality Assurance, The State of Healthcare Quality 2005, Washington DC: NCQA 2005. http://www.ncqa.org/Docs/SOHCQ_2005.pdf
7. Guide to Community Preventive Services Website. http://www.thecommunityguide.org/tobacco/
8. Five notes on costs and savings: 1) Costs and savings are expressed in year 2005 dollars. 2) Costs and savings are expressed as the per person cost per year over the recommended age range to facilitate use in estimating long-term budget impact. 3) Costs and savings are not discounted to facilitate use in estimating long-term budget impact. As a result, they are not comparable to estimates that would be used in formal cost-effectiveness analysis. Services that are cost-saving from a budgetary perspective may not be cost-saving in an economic analysis that discounts future events to their present value. 4) Costs and savings reflect non-adherence and the recommended frequency of delivery. Therefore, services with less frequent intervals or with lower adherence would have a lower cost than an otherwise identical service. 5) Costs reflect both initial preventive service costs (such as screening and counseling) and necessary follow-up costs such as diagnostic testing, pharmacotherapy, and intensive interventions for weight loss.
| Percentage of adults who are current smokers* |
| Characteristic |
Percentage |
| Total Population |
21.6% |
| Sex |
|
| Men |
24.1 % |
| Women |
19.2 % |
| Age group (years) |
|
| 18-24 |
21.8 % |
| 25-44 |
19.4 % |
| 45-64 |
21.4 % |
| > 65 |
23.1 % |
| Race/Ethnicity |
|
| White, non-Hispanic |
22.7 % |
| Black, non-Hispanic |
21.5 % |
| Hispanic |
16.4 % |
| American Indian/Alaska Native |
39.7 % |
| Asian |
11.7 % |
| Education |
|
| 0-12 (no diploma) |
26.6 % |
| < 8 years |
17.6 % |
| 9-11 years |
34.0 % |
| 12 years (no diploma) |
29.3 % |
| GED (diploma) |
44.4 % |
| 12 years (diploma) |
25.4 % |
| Associate degree |
19.8 % |
| Some college (no degree) |
21.9 % |
| Undergraduate degree |
12.3 % |
| Graduate degree |
7.5 % |
| Poverty Level † |
|
| At or above |
21.7 % |
| Below |
30.5 % |
| Unknown |
18.4 % |
| Source:
Cigarette smoking among adults--United States, 2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2005 May 27;54(20):509-13.
* Persons who reported smoking at least 100 cigarettes during their lifetimes and who reported at the time of the interview smoking every day or some days.
† Calculated on the basis of U.S. Census Bureau 2002 poverty thresholds.
|
Percentage of current adult smokers
receiving advice to quit smoking
from a doctor in the past year |
| Overall |
68% |
| Sex |
|
| Male |
67% |
| Female |
68.8% |
| Race/ethnicity |
|
| White |
69.4% |
| Black |
66.2% |
| Hispanic |
52.6% |
| Age |
|
| 18-24 |
59.3% |
| 25-44 |
66.6% |
| 45-64 |
72.9% |
| 65+ |
68% |
| Education |
|
| < 8 |
65.5% |
| 9-12 |
69.7% |
| 12 |
71.5% |
| 13-15 |
69.9% |
| 16+ |
64.5% |
| SES |
|
| At/above poverty level |
69% |
| Below poverty level |
67.9% |
| Unknown |
64.4% |
|
Source:
National Health Interview Survey, 2001
Data provided by Ann Malarcher, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Office on Smoking and Health, October 20, 2005
|
Medical Assistance with Smoking Cessation,
Commercial Health Plan and Medicaid HMO Rates, 2004 |
| Commercial Rates |
| Advising smokers to quit |
69.6% |
| Discussing smoking cessation medications |
37.8% |
| Discussing smoking cessation strategies |
36.9% |
| Medicaid Rates |
| Advising smokers to quit |
66.9% |
| Discussing smoking cessation medications |
31.5% |
| Discussing smoking cessation strategies |
33.0% |
|
Measure definitions:
Percent of health plan members age 18+ who are either current smokers or recent quitters and 1) who received advice to quit smoking from their practitioner, 2) whose practitioner discussed smoking cessation medications and 3) whose practitioner discussed smoking cessation strategies.
Source:
National Committee for Quality Assurance, The State of Healthcare Quality 2005, Washington DC: NCQA 2005. http://www.ncqa.org/Docs/SOHCQ_2005.pdf
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