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Vision Screening - Adults 65+ Tables |
| Vision Screening - Adults 65+ |
| Burden of Disease |
Morbidity
Approximately 20% of hip fractures are attributable to impaired vision.1
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Prevalence
Approximately one fourth of older people have undercorrected vision.2 |
Effectiveness
Effectiveness of vision acuity screening in preventing falls is 4%.3 Screening can reduce the prevalence of undetected vision by 45% after accounting for accuracy of screening, nonadherence with follow-up testing and vision correction.2 |
| Improvability |
Screening Rates
17% of primary care providers routinely screen for vision impairment.4 |
| Cost4 |
Annual Per Person Medical Cost of Service: $3 |
| Annual Per Person Medical Cost of Savings: $19 |
| Annual Net Costs: $-16 |
| % of Service Recovered in Long Run: 633% |
Sources and Footnotes:
1. Campbell VA, Crews JE, Moriarty DG, Zack MM, Blackman DK. Surveillance for sensory impairment, activity limitation, and health-related quality of life among older adults--United States, 1993-1997. Mor Mortal Wkly Rep CDC Surveill Summ 1999;48(8):131-56.
2. Day L, Fildes B, Gordon I, Fitzharris M, Flamer H, Lord S. Randomised factorial trial of falls prevention among older people living in their own homes. BMJ 2002 Jul 20;325(7356):128
3. Refer to the technical report on visual impairment in adults for a fuller discussion of these data and references (availability of this technical report is pending publication of a related journal article).
4. Five notes on costs and savings: 1) Costs and savings are expressed in year 2005 dollars. 2) Costs and savings are expressed as the per person cost per year over the recommended age range to facilitate use in estimating long-term budget impact. 3) Costs and savings are not discounted to facilitate use in estimating long-term budget impact. As a result, they are not comparable to estimates that would be used in formal cost-effectiveness analysis. Services that are cost-saving from a budgetary perspective may not be cost-saving in an economic analysis that discounts future events to their present value. 4) Costs and savings reflect non-adherence and the recommended frequency of delivery. Therefore, services with less frequent intervals or with lower adherence would have a lower cost than an otherwise identical service. 5) Costs reflect both initial preventive service costs (such as screening and counseling) and necessary follow-up costs such as diagnostic testing, pharmacotherapy, and intensive interventions for weight loss.
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