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Cholesterol Screening Tables |
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Cholesterol Screening
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| Burden of Disease |
Mortality1
480,000 Americans die each year from coronary heart disease (CHD)
Cholesterol Attributable Mortality2
205,000 Americans die each year from cholesterol attributable CHD |
Morbidity3,4
565,000 Americans suffer an incident myocardial infarction each year; 300,000 suffer a recurrent myocardial infarction
Approximately 34% of MIs result in disabling congestive heart failure within 6 years. |
Prevalence5
17% of Americans have high cholesterol |
Effectiveness
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Effectiveness of drug treatment in clinical trials2
27% effective against CHD events |
Improvability
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Screening Rates6
72% of men and 74% of women over age 20 reported that they had their blood cholesterol checked in the previous 5 years.
Adherence
Most adults are up-to-date with screening. 40% of patients adhere to drug treatment.2 Improving patient adherence with drug treatment offers the greatest opportunity for improving the impact of this service. |
| Cost7 |
Annual Per Person Medical Cost of Service Among Men 35+ and Women 45+ Years: $118; Among High-risk Men < 35 and Women < 45 Years: $72
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Annual Per Person Medical Cost of Savings Among Men 35+ and Women 45+ Years: $29; Among High-risk Men < 35 and Women < 45 Years: $11
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| Annual Net Costs Among Men 35+ and Women 45+ Years: $89; Among High-risk Men < 35 and Women < 45 Years: $61 |
| % of Service Cost Recovered in Long Run Among Men 35+ and Women 45+ Years: 25%; Among High-risk Men < 35 and Women < 45 Years: 15% |
Sources and Footnotes:
1. Hoyert DL, Kung HC, Smith BL. Deaths:preliminary data for 2003. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2005 Feb 28;53(15):1-48.
2. Refer to the technical reports on cholesterol for a fuller discussion of these data and references.
3. Thom T, Haase N, Rosamond W, Howard VJ, Runsfeld J, Manolio T, Zheng ZJ, Flegal K, O'Donnell C, Kittner S, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics 2006 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2006 Feb 14;113(6):e85-151.
4. Hurst's The Heart. Eleventh Edition ed. United States of American:McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division;2004. (Fuster, V; Alexander, RW; O'Rourke, RA, et al., editors.
5. National Center for Health Statistics. Health United States 2005, With Chartbook on Trends in the Health of Americans. Hyattsville, MD: 2005.
6. Trends in cholesterol screening and awareness of high blood cholesterol: United States, 1991-2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2005 Sep 9;54(35):865-70.
7. Five notes on costs and savings follow: 1) Costs and savings are expressed in year 2005 dollars. 2) Costs and savings are expressed as the per person cost per year over the recommended age range to facilitate use in estimating long-term budget impact. 3) Costs and savings are not discounted to facilitate use in estimating long-term budget impact. As a result, they are not comparable to estimates that would be used in formal cost-effectiveness analysis. Services that are cost-saving from a budgetary perspective may not be cost-saving in an economic analysis that discounts future events to their present value. 4) Costs and savings reflect non-adherence and the recommended frequency of delivery. Therefore, services with less frequent intervals or with lower adherence would have a lower cost than an otherwise identical service. 5) Costs reflect both initial preventive service costs (such as screening and counseling) and necessary follow-up costs such as diagnostic testing, pharmacotherapy, and intensive interventions for weight loss.
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CHD Deaths
479,304(2003)
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Rate per 100,000 (2002) |
| Total* |
170.8 |
| Gender* |
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Male
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220.4 |
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Female
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133.6 |
| Race* |
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White
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169.8 |
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Black or African American
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203.0 |
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American Indian or Alaska
|
114.0 |
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Native Asian or Pacific Islander
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98.6 |
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Hispanic or Latino
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138.3 |
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White, not Hispanic or Latino
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171.0 |
| Age |
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20-24 years
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0.5 |
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25-34 years
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2.5 |
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35-44 years
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17.1 |
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45-54 years
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63.8 |
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55-64 years
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177.7 |
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65-74 years
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458.9 |
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75-84 years
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1220.2 |
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85 years and over
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3775.0 |
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Sources:
National Center for Health Statistics, Health United States 2005, With Chartbook on Trends in the Health of Americans. Hyattsville, MD: 2004.
Hoyert DL, Kung HC, Smith BL. Deaths: preliminary data for 2003. Natl Vital Stat Rep 2005 Feb 28;53(15):1-48.
CDC Wonder - Compressed Mortality File - Underlying cause-of-death. [Web Page]; http://wonder.cdc.gov/mortSQL.html. [Accessed 28 Mar 2006].
* age adjusted
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Morbidity
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CHD
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MI
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CHF
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% ever had CHD |
Annual incidence of
CHD per 1000† |
% ever had MI* |
% ever had CHF |
| Total |
6.9% |
|
3.5% |
2.3% |
| Total males |
8.4% |
|
5.0% |
2.6% |
| Total females |
5.6% |
|
2.3% |
2.1% |
| Non-Hispanic white males |
8.9% |
12.5 |
5.1% |
2.5% |
| Non-Hispanic white females |
5.4% |
10.6 |
2.4% |
1.9% |
| Non-Hispanic black males |
7.4% |
4.0 |
4.5% |
3.1% |
| Non-Hispanic black females |
7.5% |
5.1 |
2.7% |
3.5% |
| Mexican-American males |
5.6% |
|
3.4% |
2.7% |
| Mexican-American females |
4.3% |
|
1.6% |
1.6% |
| Hispanic or Latino |
4.5% |
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| Asian |
3.8% |
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| American Indian/Alaska Native |
8.2% |
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Source:
Thom T, Haase N, Rosamond W, Howard VJ, Rumsfeld J, Manolio T, Zheng ZJ, Flegal K, O'Donnell C, Kittner S, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2006 update: a report from the American Heart Association Statistics Committee and Stroke Statistics Subcommittee. Circulation 2006 Feb 14;113(6):e85-151.
* myocardial infarction (heart attack)
† estimated as rate per 1000 person years
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| Percent of Adult Population with High Cholesterol |
| Population Group |
% of Population |
| U.S. Population, ages 20+ years* |
17.3 |
| Gender |
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Male
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16.4 |
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Female
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17.8 |
Race/Ethnicity*
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Non-Hispanic white male
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16.5 |
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Non-Hispanic white female
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18.1 |
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Non-Hispanic black or African American male
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12.4 |
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Non-Hispanic black or African American female
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17.7 |
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Mexican male
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17.4 |
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Mexican female
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13.8 |
| Poverty Status** |
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Poor
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18.3 |
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Near poor
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19.1 |
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Nonpoor
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16.5 |
| Age, Male |
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20-34 years
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9.8 |
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35-44 years
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19.8 |
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45-54 years
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23.6 |
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55-64 years
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19.9 |
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65-74 years
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13.7 |
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75 years and over
|
10.2 |
| Age, Female |
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20-34 years
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8.9 |
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35-44 years
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12.4 |
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45-54 years
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21.4 |
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55-64 years
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25.6 |
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65-74 years
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32.3 |
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75 years and over
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26.5 |
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Source:
National Center for Health Statistics. Health United States 2005, With Chartbook on Trends in the Health of Americans. Hyattsville, MD: 2005.
* Age Adjusted
**Poor = under poverty threshold, near poor = 100-200% of poverty level, nonpoor =200% poverty level
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Percentage of adults who had their blood cholesterol
checked within the past five years
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Characteristic
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Percentage
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Total Population*
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73.1 |
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Sex*
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Men
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71.8 |
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Women
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74.4 |
Age group (years)
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20-44
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59.8 |
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45-64
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84.9 |
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>65
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89.3 |
| Race/Ethnicity* |
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White, non-Hispanic
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74.2 |
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Black, non-Hispanic
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75.0 |
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Hispanic
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65.5 |
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Asian/Pacific Islander
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69.6 |
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American Indian/Alaska Native
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74.7 |
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Source:
Trends in cholesterol screening and awareness of high blood cholesterol: United States, 1991-2003. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2005 Sep 9;54(35):865-70.
*Age-standardized to the 2000 US population
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