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Discuss Calcium Supplementation Tables |
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Discuss Calcium Supplementation
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Burden of Disease
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Incidence of Fractures
2,200,000 osteoporotic fractures occur each year among women ages 25 and older. Of these, 350,000 are hip fractures.1 |
| Effectiveness |
24% of osteoporotic fractures could be prevented by counseling to promote calcium use, given the effectiveness of calcium in improving bone mineral density and expected rates of long-term calcium use with repeated counseling.2 |
| Improvability |
Two thirds of US women ages 60 and older have inadequate calcium intake.3 National data on intake for younger age groups or receipt of counseling regarding calcium intake are not available. |
| Cost4 |
Annual Per Person Medical Cost of Service: $16 |
| Annual Per Person Medical Cost of Savings: $85 |
| Annual Net Costs: $-69 |
| % of Service Cost Recovered in Long Run: 531% |
Sources and Footnotes:
1. Estimated by applying US population estimate by age group to fracture rates reported in Kanis JA, Johnell O, Oden A, et al. The risk and burden of vertebral fractures in Sweden. Osteoporos Int 2004 Jan;15(1):20-6.
2. Refer to the technical report on calcium supplementation for a fuller discussion of these data and references.
3. Ervin RB, Kennedy-Stephenson J. Mineral intakes of elderly adult supplement and non-supplement users in the third national health and nutrition examination survey. J Nutr. 2002 Nov;132(11):3422-7.
4. Five notes on costs and savings: 1) Costs and savings are expressed in year 2005 dollars. 2) Costs and savings are expressed as the per person cost per year over the recommended age range to facilitate use in estimating long-term budget impact. 3) Costs and savings are not discounted to facilitate use in estimating long-term budget impact. As a result, they are not comparable to estimates that would be used in formal cost-effectiveness analysis. Services that are cost-saving from a budgetary perspective may not be cost-saving in an economic analysis that discounts future events to their present value. 4) Costs and savings reflect non-adherence and the recommended frequency of delivery. Therefore, services with less frequent intervals or with lower adherence would have a lower cost than an otherwise identical service. 5) Costs reflect both initial preventive service costs (such as screening and counseling) and necessary follow-up costs such as diagnostic testing, pharmacotherapy, and intensive interventions for weight loss.
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